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House of Romanov
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House of
House of Romanoff.svg
Parents' home -Oldenburg-Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (since mid-18th century)[a]
Country
List
Founded February 21, 1613
Current Head
Tsar Nikolai III Aleiksandrovich Nikolaevich Romanov
agnatica) Nicholas II
Titles
Tsar of Russia (1613-1721)
Emperor of All Russia (1721-1917)
Other titles...
Deposed 1917 -February Revolution)
Cadet branches Various minor branches
House of Romanov[b] (also transcribed Romanoff; Russian: Рома́новы, tr. Románovy, IPA: [rɐˈmanəvɨ]) was the reigning imperial house of Russia from 1613 to 1917. They rose to prominence after the tsarina, Anastasia Romanova,was married to the First Tsar of Russia, Ivan the Terrible.
The house became the boiard (the highest rank of Russian nobility) of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and later the Tsardom of Russia under the Rurikreinante dynasty, which was extinguished after the death of Tsar Feodor I in 1598. The Time of Troubles, caused by the resulting succession crisis, saw several suitors and imposters(False Dimitri) fight for the crown during the Polish-Moscow War of 1605-1618. On February 21, 1613, a Zemsky Sobor elected Michael Romanov as Czar of Russia, establishing the Romanovs as the second reigning dynasty of Russia. Michael's grandson, Peter I, who established the Russian Empire in 1721, transformed the country into a great power through a series of wars and reforms. The direct male line of Romanovs ended when Empress Elizabeth of Russia died in 1762, so the House of Holstein-Gottorp (a cadet branch of the German House of Oldenburg that reigned in Denmark) ascended the throne in the person of Peter III. [1] Officially known as members of the House of Romanov, descendants after Elizabeth are sometimes referred to as "Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov". [2] The abdication of Emperor Nicholas II on 15 March 1917 as a result of the February Revolution ended 304 years of Romanov rule and led to the creation of the Russian Republic under the Russian Provisional Government on the eve of the Russian Civil War of 1917-1922. In 1918, Bolshevik officials executed the former emperor and his family. Of the 65 members of the House of Romanov, 47 survivors went into exile abroad. [3]
In 1924, Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, the senior male line descendant of Alexander II of Russia by primogeniture,ILLEGALLY claimed the seat of the defunct Imperial House of Russia. Since 1991, the succession to the former Russian throne has been in dispute (largely due to disagreements over the validity of dynastic marriages),especially between the lines of Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia (born 1953) and Prince Nicholas Romanovich Romanov (1922-2014). Prince Nicholas Romanovich's claim was inherited by another cousin, Prince Andrew Romanov (born 1923), since Romanovich had no male heirs.
Content
1 Surname usage
2 House of Romanov
2.1 Rise to Power
2.2 Dynastic crisis
3 House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
3.1 Era of Autocracy
3.2 Gallery
3.3 Fall
3.4 Contemporary Romanovs
4 Execution of Tsar and Family
4.1 Remains of the Tsar
5 Death of other Romanovs
6 Exiles
6.1 Empress Maria Fyodorovna, widow
6.2 Other exiles
6.3 Intendants
7 Romanov family jewels
8 Heraldry
8.1 Minor coat of arms (elements)
9 Family tree
10 See also
11 Annotations
12 References
13 External links
Surname usage
Legally, it is still unclear whether any ukase ever abolished the surname of Michael Romanov (or his subsequent male line descendants) after his ascension to the Russian throne in 1613, although by tradition members of reigning dynasties rarely use surnames, being known instead by dynastic titles ("Tsarevich Ivan Alexeevich," "Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich," etc.). Beginning in January 1762 [O.S. December 1761], the monarchs of the Russian Empire claimed the throne as relatives of Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia (1708-1728), who had married Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. Thus, they were no longer Romanovs by patrilineage, belonging to the Holstein-Gottorp cadet branch of the German House of Oldenburg that reigned in Denmark. The 1944 edition of the Gotha Almanach records the name of the ruling dynasty of Russia from the time of Peter III (reigned from 1761 to 1762) as "Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov." [4] However, the terms "Romanov" and "House of Romanov" often occurred in official references to the Russian imperial family. The coat of arms of the Romanov boyars was included in legislation about the imperial dynasty,[5] and in a jubileeude 1913, Russia officially celebrated the "300th Anniversary of Romanov rule." [6]
After the February Revolution of 1917, a special decree of the Provisional Government of Russia granted all members of the imperial family the surname "Romanov." [citation needed] The only exceptions, the morganatic descendants of Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich (1891-1942), took (in exile) the surname Ilyinsky. [4][7]
House of Romanov
A 16th century residence of the Yuryev-Zakharyin boyars in Zaryadye,near the Kremlin
Silver coin : 1 ruble Nikolai II_Dynasty Romanov - 1913 - On the obverse of the coin features two rulers: the left emperor Nikolas II in military uniform of the lifeguards of the 4th infantry regiment of the imperial family, on the right Michael I in royal robes and the Cap of Monomakh.
The Romanovs share their origin with two dozen other Russian noble families. Their earliest ancestor is one Andrei Kobyla,attested around 1347 as a boiard in the service of Semyon I of Moscow. [4] Later generations attributed to Kobyla a pedigreeilustre. An 18th century genealogy claimed that he was the son of the old Prussian prince Glanda Kambila, who came to Russia in the second half of the 13th century, fleeing the invading Germans. In fact, one of the leaders of the old Prussian rebellion of 1260-1274 against the Teutonic order was called Glanda. This legendary version of Romanov's origin is challenged by another version of his descent from a boyar family of Novgorod. [8]
His actual origin may have been less spectacular. Not only is kobyla Russian for "marry," some of his relatives also had as their nicknames the terms for horses and other domestic animals, thus suggesting the descent of one of the royal equerries. [citation needed] One of Kobyla's sons, Feodor, a member of Dmitri Donskoi's boyar Duma, was nicknamed Koshka ("cat"). His descendants took the surname Koshkin, then changed to Zakharin, which later split into two branches: Zakharin-Yakovlev and Zakharin-Yuriev. [4] During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, the old family became known as Yakovlev (Alexander Herzen among them), while grandchildren of Roman Yurievich Zakharyin-Yuriev [ru] changed their name to "Romanov." [4]
Feodor Nikitich Romanov was descended from the Rurik dynasty through the female line. His mother, Evdokiya Gorbataya-Shuyskaya, was a Rurikid princess of the Shuysky branch, daughter of Alexander Gorbatyi-Shuisky.
Rise to power
The family fortune increased when Roman's daughter Anastasia Zakharyina,married Ivan IV (the Terrible), the Great Rurikid Prince of Moscow, on February 3 (13), 1547. [1] Since her husband assumed the title Tsar, which literally means "Caesar", on January 16, 1547, she was crowned the first tsaritsa of Russia. Her mysterious death in 1560 changed Ivan's character for the worse. Suspecting the boyars of having poisoned his beloved, Tsar Ivan began a reign of terror against them. Among his sons by Anastasia, the elder (Ivan) was murdered by the tsar in a fight; young Feodor, a pious but lethargic prince, inherited the throne after his father's death in 1584.
A crowd at the Ipatiev Monastery begging Mikhail Romanov's mother to let him go to Moscow and become its tsar (Illumination from a book dated 1673).
Throughout Feodor's reign (1584-1598), the Tsar's brother-in-law, Boris Godunov, and his Romanov cousins contested de facto rule of Russia. After Feodor's childless death, the 700-year line of Rurikids came to an end. After a long struggle, Boris Godunov's party prevailed over the Romanovs, and the Zemsky hiccup elected Godunov as tsar in 1598. Godunov's revenge against the Romanovs was terrible: the entire family and their relations were deported to remote corners of the Russian North and Urals,where most of them died of starvation or in chains. The leader of the family, Feodor Nikitich Romanov, was exiled to the Antoniev Siysky Monastery and forced to take monastic vows under the name Filaret.
The Romanovs' fortunes changed dramatically with the fall of the Godunov dynasty in June 1605. As a former leader of the anti-Godunov party and cousin of the last legitimate tsar, Filaret Romanov's recognition was sought by several imposters who tried to claim the legacy and the Rurikid throne during the Time of Troubles. False Dimitri I made him a metropolitan, and False Dimitri II elevated him to the dignity of the patriarch. After the expulsion of the Polish army from Moscow in 1612, the Zemsky Sobor offered the Russian crown to several Rurikid and Gediminian princes, but all refused the honor. [4]
Upon being offered the Russian crown, Filaret's 16-year-old son Mikhail Romanov, then living in the Ipatiev Monastery of Kostroma,burst into tears of fear and despair. He was finally persuaded to accept the throne by his mother Kseniya Ivanovna Shestova, who blessed him with the holy image of Our Lady of Saint Theodore. Feeling how insecure his throne was, Mikhail tried to emphasize his ties to the later rurikid tsars[9] and sought advice from the Zemsky Sobor on every important issue. This strategy was successful. The early Romanovs were generally accepted by the population as brothers-in-law of Ivan the Terrible and seen as martyrs innocent of Godunov's wrath. [citation needed]
Dynastic crisis
Peter the Great (1672-1725)
Mikhail was succeeded by his only son Alexei, who quietly guided the country through numerous problems. After Alexei's death, there was a period of dynastic struggle between his sons by his first wife Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya (Feodor III, Sofia Alexeyevna, Ivan V) and his son by his second wife Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina, the future Peter the Great. Peter ruled from 1682 until his death in 1725. [1] In numerous successful wars, he expanded tsardom into a huge empire that became a major European power. He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with a modern, scientific, Europae-oriented, rationalist system. [10]
New dynastic struggles followed Peter's death. His only son to survive to adulthood, Tsarevich Alexei,did not support Peter's modernization of Russia. He had already been arrested and died in prison shortly thereafter. Near the end of his life, Peter managed to change the succession tradition of male heirs by allowing him to choose his heir. The power then passed into the hands of his second wife, Empress Catherine, who ruled until her death in 1727. [1] Peter II, Tsarevich Alexei's son, assumed the throne, but died in 1730, ending the Romanov male line. [4] He was succeeded by Anna I, daughter of Peter the Great's half-brother and co-ruler, Ivan V. Before she died in 1740, the empress declared that her grandson, Ivan VI,should succeed her. This was an attempt to secure her father's line, while excluding descendants of Peter the Great from inheriting the throne. Ivan VI was only a one-year-old baby at the time of his succession to the throne, and his parents, Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna and Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick, the ruling regent, were detested by his advisors and German relations. As a consequence, soon after Empress Anna's death, Elizabeth Petrovna, a legitimized daughter of Peter I, managed to win the favor of the population and dethroned Ivan VI in a coup d'état,supported by the Preobrazhensky Regiment and the French and Swedish ambassadors. Ivan VI and his parents died in prison many years later.
Age of Autocracy
Paul I was assassinated in his palace in St. Petersburg in 1801. Alexander I succeeded him on the throne and later died without leaving a son. His brother, crowned Nicholas I,succeeded him to the throne. [4] The succession was far from smooth, however, as hundreds of troops took the oath of allegiance to Nicholas' older brother, Constantine Pavlovich who, unbeknownst to them, had renounced his claim to the throne in 1822 after his marriage. The confusion, combined with opposition to Nicholas' accession, led to the Decembrist revolt. [1] Nicholas I fathered four sons, raising them for the prospect of ruling Russia and for military careers, from whom the last branches of the dynasty descended.
Alexander II, son of Nicholas I, became the next Russian emperor in 1855, in the midst of the Crimean War. Although Alexander considered it his charge to keep the peace in Europe and Russia, he believed that only a strong Russian army could keep the peace. By developing the army, giving some freedom to Finland, and freeing the serfs in 1861, he gained much popular support.
Despite his popularity, however, his family life began to unravel in the mid-1860s. In 1864, his eldest son, and heir, Tsarevich Nicholas,died suddenly. His wife, Empress Maria Alexandrovna,who suffered from tuberculosis, spent much of her time abroad. Alexander eventually turned to a mistress, Princess Catherine Dolgoruki. Immediately after his wife's death in 1880, he contracted a morganatic marriage with Dolgoruki. [4] His legitimation of his children, and rumors that he was contemplating crowning his new wife as empress, caused tension within the dynasty. In particular, his granddaughters were outraged at the prospect of deferring to a woman who had given Alexander several children during his wife's lifetime. Before Princess Catherine could be elevated in rank, however, on March 13, 1881 Alexander was assassinated by a hand-made bomb dropped by Ignacy Hryniewiecki. Slavic patriotism, cultural revivalism, and Panslavist ideas grew in importance in the second half of this century, evoking expectations of a more Russian than cosmopolitan dynasty. Several marriages were contracted with members of other Slavic or Orthodox reigning dynasties (Greece, Montenegro, Serbia). [4] In the early 20th century, two Romanov princesses were allowed to marry Russian nobles - whereas until the 1850s, virtually all marriages had been to German princes. [4]
A gathering of Romanov family members in 1892 at the summer military maneuvers at Krasnoye Selo.
Alexander II was succeeded by his son Alexander III. This tsar, the penultimate Romanov emperor, was responsible for conservative reforms in Russia. Not expected to inherit the throne, he was educated in affairs of state only after the death of his older brother, Nicholas. The lack of diplomatic training may have influenced his politics as well as those of his son, Nicholas II. Alexander III was physically impressive, being not only tall (5'9" or 6'4", according to some sources), but of great physique and considerable strength. His beard returned to the likeness of the tsars of old, contributing to an aura of brusque authority, inspiring to some, alienating to others. Alexander, fearing the fate that had befallen his father, strengthened autocratic rule in Russia. Some of the reforms that the more liberal Alexander II had pushed were reversed.
Alexander inherited not only his dead brother's position as Tsesarevich,but also his brother's Danish bride, Princess Dagmar. Taking the name Maria Fiódorovna after her conversion to Orthodoxy, she was the daughter of King Christian IX and sister of the future kings Frederik VIII of Denmark and George I of Greece, as well as Queen Alexandrada Britain , consort of Edward VII. [1] Despite contrasting natures and backgrounds, the marriage was considered harmonious, producing six children and acquiring for Alexander the reputation of being the first non-known tsar to have mistresses.
His eldest son, Nicholas, became emperor after Alexander III's death from kidney disease at age 49 in November 1894. Nicholas said, "I am not ready to be Tsar..." Just a week after the funeral, Nicholas married his bride, Alix of Hesse-Darmstadt, a favorite granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Although a kind man, he tended to leave his father's harsh policies intact. For her part, the shy Alix, who took the name Alexandra Fyodorovna, became a devoted convert to Orthodoxy as well as a devoted wife to Nicholas and mother to their five children, but avoided many of the traditional social duties for Russian tsarinas. [1] Distant and harsh unfavorable comparisons were made between her and her popular mother-in-law, Maria Fyodorovna. [1] When, in September 1915, Nicholas took command of the army on the front lines during World War I, Alexandra sought to influence him toward an authoritarian approach in government affairs even more than she had done during peacetime. His well-known devotion to her hurt his and the dynasty's reputation during World War I due to both her German background and her unique relationship with Rasputin, whose role in the life of his only son was not widely known. Alexandra was a carrier of the hemophilia gene, inherited from her maternal grandmother,Queen Victoria. Her son, Alexei, the long-awaited heir to the throne, inherited the disease and suffered agonizing attacks of prolonged bleeding, the pain sometimes partially relieved by Rasputin's ministrations. Nicholas and Alexandra also had four daughters: the duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia. [1]
The six crowned representatives of the Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov line were Paul (1796-1801), Alexander I (1801-1825), Nicholas I (182 5-1855), Alexander II (1855-1881), Alexander III (1881-1894) and Nicholas II (1894-1917). [4]
Constantine Pavlovich and Michael Alexandrovich, both morganically married, are occasionally counted among the Russian emperors by historians who note that the Russian monarchy did not legally allow interregnums. But neither was crowned and both actively refused the throne.
Gallery
Kremlin,Grand Kremlin Palace, Moscow
Throne of the Tsar, the Empress and the Tsarevich in the Great Kremlin Palace
PWinter Palace, St. Petersburg
Peterhof Palace
Catherine Palace, Tsarskoye Seloye
Peter and Paul Fortress with Peter and Paul Cathedral, Romanov mausoleum
The Romanovs visiting a regiment during World War I. From left to right, Grand Duchess Anastasia, Grand Duchess Olga, Tsar Nicholas II, Tsarevich Alexei, Grand Duchess Tatiana, and Grand Duchess Maria, and Kuban Cossacks
The February Revolution of 1917 resulted in the abdication of Nicholas II in favor of his brother Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich.[1] The latter declined to accept imperial authority save to delegate it to the Provisional Government pending a future democratic referendum, effectively terminating the Romanov dynasty's rule over Russia.
Exiles
Dowager Empress Maria Fyodorovna
In 1919, Maria Fyodorovna, widow of Alexander III, and mother of Nicholas II, managed to escape Russia aboard HMS Marlborough, which her nephew, King George V of the United Kingdom, had sent, at the urging of his own mother, Queen Alexandra, Maria's elder sister, to rescue her. After a stay in England with Queen Alexandra, she returned to her native Denmark, first living at Amalienborg Palace, with her nephew, King Christian X, and later, at Villa Hvidøre. Upon her death in 1928 her coffin was placed in the crypt of Roskilde Cathedral, the burial site of members of the Danish Royal Family.
In 2006, the coffin with her remains was moved to the Sts. Peter and Paul Fortress, to be buried beside that of her husband. The transfer of her remains was accompanied by an elaborate ceremony at Saint Isaac's Cathedral officiated by the Patriarch Alexis II. Descendants and relatives of the Dowager Empress attended, including her great-grandson Prince Michael Andreevich, Princess Catherine Ioannovna of Russia, the last living member of the Imperial Family born before the fall of the dynasty,[20] and Princes Dmitri and Prince Nicholas Romanov.
Other exiles
Among the other exiles who managed to leave Russia, were Maria Fyodorovna's two daughters, the Grand Duchesses Xenia Alexandrovna and Olga Alexandrovna, with their husbands, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and Nikolai Kulikovsky, respectively, and their children, as well as the spouses of Xenia's elder two children and her granddaughter. Xenia remained in England, following her mother's return to Denmark, although after their mother's death Olga moved to Canada with her husband,[21] both sisters dying in 1960. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna, widow of Nicholas II's uncle, Grand Duke Vladimir, and her children the Grand Dukes Kiril, Boris and Andrei, and their sister Elena, also managed to flee Russia. Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich, a cousin of Nicholas II, had been exiled to the Caucasus in 1916 for his part in the murder of Grigori Rasputin, and managed to escape Russia. Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaievich, who had commanded Russian troops during World War I prior to Nicholas II taking command, along with his brother, Grand Duke Peter, and their wives, Grand Duchesses Anastasia and Militza, who were sisters, and Peter's children, son-in-law, and granddaughter also fled the country.
Elizaveta Mavrikievna, widow of Konstantin Konstantinovich, escaped with her daughter Vera Konstantinovna and her son Georgii Konstantinovich, as well as her grandson Prince Vsevolod Ivanovich and her granddaughter Princess Catherine Ivanovna to Sweden. Her other daughter, Tatiana Konstantinovna, also escaped with her children Natasha and Teymuraz, as well as her uncle's aide-de-camp Alexander Korochenzov. They fled to Romania and then Switzerland. Gavriil Konstantinovich was imprisoned before fleeing to Paris.
Ioann Konstantinovich's wife, Elena Petrovna, was imprisoned in Alapayevsk and Perm, before escaping to Sweden and Nice, France.
Head of House Holstein Gottorp Romanov
Since 21 de Outubro de 2021
Successed by:
Czar Emperor Nikolai III Aleksandrovich Nikolaevich Romanov Aristocrat of All Russias
Romanov family jewelry
Main article: Regalia of the Russian tsars
The collection of jewels and jewelry collected by the Romanov family during their reign are commonly referred to as the "Russian Crown Jewels"[22] and they include official state regalia as well as personal pieces of jewelry worn by Romanov rulers and their family. After the Tsar was deposed and his family murdered, their jewels and jewelry became the property of the new Soviet government.[23] A select number of pieces from the collection were sold at auction by Christie's in London in March 1927.[24] The remaining collection is on view today in the Kremlin Armoury in Moscow.[25]
On 28 August 2009, a Swedish public news outlet reported that a collection of over 60 jewel-covered cigarette cases and cufflinks owned by Grand Duchess Vladimir had been found in the archives of the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and was returned to the descendants of Grand Duchess Vladimir. The jewelry was allegedly turned over to the Swedish embassy in St. Petersburg in November 1918 by Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin to keep it safe. The value of the jewelry has been estimated at 20 million Swedish krona (about 2.6 million US dollars).[26]
Heraldry
Main article: Arms of the Russian Empire
Lesser Coat of Arms of Russian Empire.svg Coat of Arms of Russian Empire.svg
The Imperial Arms of the House of Romanov, with and without background shield, which were restricted in use to the Emperor and certain members of the Imperial Family
Smaller coat of arms (elements)
Tsardom of Moscow
The centerpiece is the coat of arms of Moscow that contains the iconic St. George the Dragon Slayer with a blue cape (cloak) attacking golden serpent on the red field.
The two-headed eagle wings contain coat of arms of the following lands:
Right Wing
Tsardom of Kazan
Tsardom of Kazan, Kazan's coat of arms containing black crowned zilant with red tongue, wings and tail on white field.
Poland's Tsardom
Tsardom of Poland, the coat of arms of Poland that contains a white crowned eagle on a red field.
Chersoneses Tauric Tsardom
Tsardom of Tauric Chersoneses, the coat of arms of Byzantine Crimea that contains a black crowned two-headed eagle on a gold field, which has a smaller coat of arms with triple cross on a blue field.
Combined Coat of Arms for Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod
Grand Duchies of Kiev, Vladimir and Novgorod, the combined coat of arms of three grand duchies:
Grand Duchy of Kiev, the coat of arms of Kiev containing armed archangel (archaeologists) Michael in white on the blue field.
Grand Duchy of Vladimir, the coat of arms of Vladimir which contains golden crowned leopard holding a cross on the red field.
Republic of Novgorod, the coat of arms of Novgorod which contains two black bears holding a throne on which crossed standing scepter and cross located under triple candlestick (trikirion) in silver field and two silver fish in blue field.
Left wing
Tsardom of Astrakhan
Tsardom of Astrakhan, the coat of arms of Astrakhan containing five arches gold crown over silver scimitar in the blue field.
Siberian Tsardom
Tsardom of Siberia, the Siberian coat of arms that contains two black saisons that have a crown and a red bow with two crossed arrows pointing downward on the ermine field.
Tsardom of Georgia, the Coat of Arms of Georgia that also contains St. George the Dragon Slayer with a red cape (cloak) attacking green serpent on the gold field.
Grand Duchy of Finland
Grand Duchy of Finland's coat of arms which contains golden crowned lion holding straight sword and curved saber on red field with roses.
Family tree
Main article: Rulers of Russia Family Tree
Family tree of Romanov dynasty
See also
Romanov impostors
Ancestors of Nicholas II of Russia
List of Co-Dukes of Russia
List of Grand Dukes of Russia
List of Movies about the Romanovs
The Romanovs Collect: European Art from the Hermitage (exhibition)
Annotations
The Romanov descendants of Peter III descend in the male line from the House of Holstein-Gottorp, a cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg.
Pronúncia: /יroəmənיf/, US também / יroəmənɔːf, -nɔːv, roəיmי nəf/, Reino Unido também / roəיmיnיf/, russo: [rɐˈmanəf].
_________________________________________________________________________________
What happened after the 1917 coup to the Romanov family of Nikolai II Aleiksandrovich Romanov and Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova?
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Grand Princess Olga Nikolaevna / Tsarina Her Majesty the Empress Olga I Nikolaevna Romanova
Olgachair.jpg
Czarina Empress Olga I Nikolaevna Romanova
Reign 1936 - 1986
Coronation By the Grace of God, we bless and crown the Empress Czarina Olga I Nikolaevna Romanova and autocrat of all the Russias and United Kingdom of Great Britain Russia, of the United Empire of all the Esvalos, Servios, Vikings in the countries and states: Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Finland, Latvia, Estonia, United Kingdom, Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod; Tsarina of Kazan, Tsarina of Astrakhan, Tsarina of Poland, Tsarina of Siberia, Tsarina of Taurian Chersonese, Tsarina of Georgia; Lady of Pskov and Grand Princess of Smolensk, Lithuania, Volinia, Podolia, Finland; Princess of Estland, Livland, Courland, Semigalia, Samogitia, Belostok, Karelia, Tver, Yugra, Perm, Vyatka, Bolgar and others; Lady and Grand Princess of Nizhny Novgorod, Chernigov, Ryazan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Beloozero, Udoria, Obdoria, Kondia, Vitebsk, Mstislav, and all the northern countries; and Lady of Iberia, Kartli and Kabardia Lands, and Armenian provinces; Hereditary Sovereign and Ruler of the Circassian and Mountain Princes and others; Lady of Turkestan; Crown Czarina of Norway and Sweden. Czarina of Schleswig-Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen and Oldenburg, and others, and others.
Born November 15
1895 Tsarskoye Selo- Russian Empire
Died July 17, 1986
1986, São Paulo - SP, Brazil.
Burial Peter and Paul Cathedral, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Spouse Edward VIII of the United Kingdom.
Question Czarina Queen Mary Ann Petrovna Nikolaevna Romanova of Windsor Oldenburg Holstein Gottorp Romanov
Regnal name
Czarina Empress Olga I Nikolaevna Romanova
House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov After her marriage in 1917 House of Windsor Oldenburg Holstein Gottorp Romanov
Father Nicholas II of Russia
Mother Alexandra Fiódorovna
(Alix of Hesse)
Religion Eastern Orthodox
Czarina Her Majesty the Empress Olga I Nikolaevna Romanova of all Russias and United Kingdom of Great Britain Russia.(Olga Nikolaevna Romanova)(Russian: Великая Княна Ольга Николаевна; November 15 [O. S. November 3, 1895, November 16, 1900 - July 17, 1918) was the eldest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia,the last ruler of Imperial Russia, and his wife Alexandra Fyodorovna.
Content
1Beginning of life
2Annotations
3References
4Other sites
Early life
Duchesses Tatiana, left, and Olga Nikolaevna, dressed in court dress, ca. 1904.
Olga's sisters were the duchesses Tatiana, Mariae Anastasia. She also had a brother, Tsarevich Alexei of Russia. Olga's title (Velikaya Knyazhna Великая Князна) is best translated as "Great Princess." This meant that Olga, as an "Imperial Highness," was higher than other princesses in Europe who were "Royal Highnesses." "The Grand Duchess" became the most well-known English translation of the title from Russian. [1] Olga's friends and family usually called her simply Olga Nikolaevna. They also called her "Olishka" or "Olya." Queen Victoria was her great-grandmother. Olga was very close to her sister Tatiana. They shared a room, dressed alike, and were known as "The Great Pair". The younger sisters, Maria and Anastasia, were known as "The Little Pair." [2]
Olga was known for her compassion and kindness from when she was young. But she also had a quick temper and often spoke her mind clearly. Once, when she was a small child, she became impatient while posing for a portrait painter and told him, "You are a very ugly man and I don't like you one bit!" Pierre Gilliard, her French teacher, said that when he first saw Olga when she was 10, she was "very fair, and with bright, mischievous eyes.... She examined me with a look that seemed from the first moment in search of the weak point in my armor, but there was something so pure and frank (true) about the child that one liked her right away." [4].
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